emacs/init.org

#+TITLE: Emacs configuration file
#+AUTHOR: Lars Tveito
#+BABEL: :cache yes
#+LATEX_HEADER: \usepackage{parskip}
#+LATEX_HEADER: \usepackage{inconsolata}
#+LATEX_HEADER: \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
#+PROPERTY: header-args :tangle yes

* About

  This is an Emacs configuration file written in [[http://orgmode.org][Org mode]]. It is an attempt
  to keep my =~/.emacs.d= tidy, but still be able to keep it all in one
  file. I aim to briefly explain all my configurations as I go along!

  I would not recommend using this configuration /as-is/, because it
  probably contains a lot you don't really need. I do, however, hope people
  find some golden nuggets that they can smuggle into their own configs.

  If you really do want to try this config out, this is how I'd go about it:

  Clone the repo.
  #+BEGIN_SRC sh :tangle no
  git clone https://github.com/larstvei/dot-emacs
  #+END_SRC

  Backup your old =~/.emacs.d= (if necessary).
  #+BEGIN_SRC sh :tangle no
  mv ~/.emacs.d ~/.emacs.d-bak
  #+END_SRC

  Backup your old =~/.emacs=-file (if necessary).
  #+BEGIN_SRC sh :tangle no
  mv ~/.emacs ~/.emacs-bak
  #+END_SRC

  And finally
  #+BEGIN_SRC sh :tangle no
  mv dot-emacs ~/.emacs.d
  #+END_SRC

  On first run it should install a bunch of packages (this might take a
  while), and you might have to restart your Emacs the first time. If you
  experience bugs, please let me know!

* Configurations
** Meta

   All changes to the configuration should be done in =init.org=, *not* in
 =init.el=. Any changes in the =init.el= will be overwritten by saving
 =init.org=. The =init.el= in this repo should not be tracked by git, and
   is replaced the first time Emacs is started (assuming it has been renamed
   to =~/.emacs.d=).

   Emacs can't load =.org=-files directly, but =org-mode= provides functions
   to extract the code blocks and write them to a file. There are multiple
   ways of handling this; like suggested by [[http://emacs.stackexchange.com/questions/3143/can-i-use-org-mode-to-structure-my-emacs-or-other-el-configuration-file][this StackOverflow post]], one
   could just use =org-babel-load-file=, but I had problems with
   byte-compilation. Previously I tracked both the =org.=- and =el.=-files,
   but the git commits got a little messy. So here is a new approach.

   When this configuration is loaded for the first time, the ~init.el~ is
   the file that is loaded. It looks like this:

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle no
   ;; This file replaces itself with the actual configuration at first run.

   ;; We can't tangle without org!
   (require 'org)
   ;; Open the configuration
   (find-file (concat user-emacs-directory "init.org"))
   ;; tangle it
   (org-babel-tangle)
   ;; load it
   (load-file (concat user-emacs-directory "init.el"))
   ;; finally byte-compile it
   (byte-compile-file (concat user-emacs-directory "init.el"))
   #+END_SRC

   It tangles the org-file, so that this file is overwritten with the actual
   configuration.

   There is no reason to track the =init.el= that is generated; by running
   the following command =git= will not bother tracking it:

   #+BEGIN_SRC sh :tangle no
   git update-index --assume-unchanged init.el
   #+END_SRC

   If one wishes to make changes to the repo-version of =init.el= start
   tracking again with:

   #+BEGIN_SRC sh :tangle no
   git update-index --no-assume-unchanged init.el
   #+END_SRC

   I want lexical scoping for the init-file, which can be specified in the
   header. The first line of the configuration is as follows:

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
   ;;; -*- lexical-binding: t -*-
   #+END_SRC

   The =init.el= should (after the first run) mirror the source blocks in
   the =init.org=. We can use =C-c C-v t= to run =org-babel-tangle=, which
   extracts the code blocks from the current file into a source-specific
   file (in this case a =.el=-file).

   To avoid doing this each time a change is made we can add a function to
   the =after-save-hook= ensuring to always tangle and byte-compile the
 =org=-document after changes.

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
   (defun tangle-init ()
     "If the current buffer is init.org the code-blocks are
   tangled, and the tangled file is compiled."
     (when (equal (buffer-file-name)
                  (expand-file-name (concat user-emacs-directory "init.org")))
       ;; Avoid running hooks when tangling.
       (let ((prog-mode-hook nil))
         (org-babel-tangle)
         (byte-compile-file (concat user-emacs-directory "init.el")))))

   (add-hook 'after-save-hook 'tangle-init)
   #+END_SRC

   I'd like to keep a few settings private, so we load a =private.el= if it
   exists after the init-file has loaded.

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
   (add-hook
    'after-init-hook
    (lambda ()
      (let ((private-file (concat user-emacs-directory "private.el")))
        (when (file-exists-p private-file)
          (load-file private-file))
        (when custom-file
          (load-file custom-file))
        (server-start))))
   #+END_SRC

   A common optimization is to temporarily disable garbage collection during
   initialization. Here, we set the ~gc-cons-threshold~ to a ridiculously large
   number, and restore the default value after initialization.

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
   (let ((old-gc-treshold gc-cons-threshold))
     (setq gc-cons-threshold most-positive-fixnum)
     (add-hook 'after-init-hook
               (lambda () (setq gc-cons-threshold old-gc-treshold))))
   #+END_SRC

** Packages

   Managing extensions for Emacs is simplified using =package= which is
   built in to Emacs 24 and newer. To load downloaded packages we need to
   initialize =package=. =cl= is a library that contains many functions from
   Common Lisp, and comes in handy quite often, so we want to make sure it's
   loaded, along with =package=, which is obviously needed.

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
   (require 'package)
   (package-initialize)
   #+END_SRC

   Packages can be fetched from different mirrors, [[http://melpa.milkbox.net/#/][melpa]] is the largest
   archive and is well maintained.

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
   (setq package-archives
         '(("gnu" . "https://elpa.gnu.org/packages/")
           ("MELPA" . "https://melpa.org/packages/"))
         package-archive-priorities
         '(("MELPA" . 5)
           ("gnu" . 0)))
   #+END_SRC

   The configuration assumes that the packages listed below are
   installed. To ensure we install missing packages if they are missing.

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
   (let* ((package--builtins nil)
          (packages
           '(auctex               ; Integrated environment for *TeX*
             auto-compile         ; automatically compile Emacs Lisp libraries
             cider                ; Clojure Interactive Development Environment
             clj-refactor         ; Commands for refactoring Clojure code
             company              ; Modular text completion framework
             company-coq          ; A collection of extensions PG's Coq mode
             counsel              ; Various completion functions using Ivy
             counsel-projectile   ; Ivy integration for Projectile
             define-word          ; display the definition of word at point
             diff-hl              ; Highlight uncommitted changes using VC
             doom-themes          ; An opinionated pack of modern color-themes
             erlang               ; Erlang major mode
             expand-region        ; Increase selected region by semantic units
             focus                ; Dim color of text in surrounding sections
             golden-ratio         ; Automatic resizing windows to golden ratio
             gnu-apl-mode         ; Integrate GNU APL with Emacs
             haskell-mode         ; A Haskell editing mode
             ivy-posframe         ; Using posframe to show Ivy
             jedi                 ; Python auto-completion for Emacs
             js2-mode             ; Improved JavaScript editing mode
             lsp-java             ; Java support for lsp-mode
             lsp-mode             ; LSP mode
             lsp-ui               ; UI modules for lsp-mode
             magit                ; control Git from Emacs
             markdown-mode        ; Emacs Major mode for Markdown-formatted files
             maude-mode           ; Emacs mode for the programming language Maude
             minizinc-mode        ; Major mode for MiniZinc code
             multiple-cursors     ; Multiple cursors for Emacs
             nano-modeline        ; N Λ N O modeline
             nano-theme           ; N Λ N O theme
             nix-mode             ; Major mode for editing .nix files
             olivetti             ; Minor mode for a nice writing environment
             org                  ; Outline-based notes management and organizer
             org-bullets          ; Show bullets in org-mode as UTF-8 characters
             paredit              ; minor mode for editing parentheses
             pdf-tools            ; Emacs support library for PDF files
             projectile           ; Manage and navigate projects in Emacs easily
             proof-general        ; A generic Emacs interface for proof assistants
             racket-mode          ; Major mode for Racket language
             rustic               ; Rust development environment
             slime                ; Superior Lisp Interaction Mode for Emacs
             smex                 ; M-x interface with Ido-style fuzzy matching
             try                  ; Try out Emacs packages
             vterm                ; A terminal via libvterm
             which-key            ; Display available keybindings in popup
             z3-mode)))           ; z3/SMTLIBv2 interactive development
     (when (memq window-system '(mac ns))
       (push 'exec-path-from-shell packages)
       (push 'reveal-in-osx-finder packages))
     (let ((packages (seq-remove 'package-installed-p packages)))
       (when packages
         ;; Install uninstalled packages
         (package-refresh-contents)
         (mapc 'package-install packages))))
   #+END_SRC

** Mac OS X

   I run this configuration mostly on Mac OS X, so we need a couple of
   settings to make things work smoothly. In the package section
 =exec-path-from-shell= is included (only if you're running OS X), this is
   to include environment-variables from the shell. It makes using Emacs
   along with external processes a lot simpler. I also prefer using the
 =Command=-key as the =Meta=-key.

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
   (when (memq window-system '(mac ns))
     (setq ns-pop-up-frames nil
           mac-option-modifier nil
           mac-command-modifier 'meta)
     (exec-path-from-shell-initialize)
     (when (fboundp 'mac-auto-operator-composition-mode)
       (mac-auto-operator-composition-mode 1)))
   #+END_SRC

** Sane defaults

   These are what /I/ consider to be saner defaults.

   We can set variables to whatever value we'd like using =setq=.

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
   (setq auto-revert-interval 1            ; Refresh buffers fast
         default-input-method "TeX"        ; Use TeX when toggling input method
         echo-keystrokes 0.1               ; Show keystrokes asap
         inhibit-startup-screen t          ; No splash screen please
         initial-scratch-message nil       ; Clean scratch buffer
         recentf-max-saved-items 10000     ; Show more recent files
         ring-bell-function 'ignore        ; Quiet
         scroll-margin 1                   ; Space between cursor and top/bottom
         sentence-end-double-space nil     ; No double space
         custom-file                       ; Customizations in a separate file
         (concat user-emacs-directory "custom.el"))
   ;; Some mac-bindings interfere with Emacs bindings.
   (when (boundp 'mac-pass-command-to-system)
     (setq mac-pass-command-to-system nil))
   #+END_SRC

   Some variables are buffer-local, so changing them using =setq= will only
   change them in a single buffer. Using =setq-default= we change the
   buffer-local variable's default value.

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
   (setq-default tab-width 4                       ; Smaller tabs
                 fill-column 79                    ; Maximum line width
                 truncate-lines t                  ; Don't fold lines
                 indent-tabs-mode nil              ; Use spaces instead of tabs
                 split-width-threshold 160         ; Split verticly by default
                 split-height-threshold nil        ; Split verticly by default
                 frame-resize-pixelwise t          ; Fine-grained frame resize
                 auto-fill-function 'do-auto-fill) ; Auto-fill-mode everywhere
   #+END_SRC

   The =load-path= specifies where Emacs should look for =.el=-files (or
   Emacs lisp files). I have a directory called =site-lisp= where I keep all
   extensions that have been installed manually (these are mostly my own
   projects).

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
   (let ((default-directory (concat user-emacs-directory "site-lisp/")))
     (when (file-exists-p default-directory)
       (setq load-path
             (append
              (let ((load-path (copy-sequence load-path)))
                (normal-top-level-add-subdirs-to-load-path)) load-path))))
   #+END_SRC

   Answering /yes/ and /no/ to each question from Emacs can be tedious, a
   single /y/ or /n/ will suffice.

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
   (fset 'yes-or-no-p 'y-or-n-p)
   #+END_SRC

   To avoid file system clutter we put all auto saved files in a single
   directory.

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
   (defvar emacs-autosave-directory
     (concat user-emacs-directory "autosaves/")
     "This variable dictates where to put auto saves. It is set to a
     directory called autosaves located wherever your .emacs.d/ is
     located.")

   ;; Sets all files to be backed up and auto saved in a single directory.
   (setq backup-directory-alist
         `((".*" . ,emacs-autosave-directory))
         auto-save-file-name-transforms
         `((".*" ,emacs-autosave-directory t)))
   #+END_SRC

   Set =utf-8= as preferred coding system.

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
   (set-language-environment "UTF-8")
   #+END_SRC

   By default the =narrow-to-region= command is disabled and issues a
   warning, because it might confuse new users. I find it useful sometimes,
   and don't want to be warned.

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
   (put 'narrow-to-region 'disabled nil)
   #+END_SRC

   Automaticly revert =doc-view=-buffers when the file changes on disk.

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
   (add-hook 'doc-view-mode-hook 'auto-revert-mode)
   #+END_SRC

** Modes

   There are some modes that are enabled by default that I don't find
   particularly useful. We create a list of these modes, and disable all of
   these.

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
   (dolist (mode
            '(tool-bar-mode                ; No toolbars, more room for text
              scroll-bar-mode              ; No scroll bars either
              blink-cursor-mode))          ; The blinking cursor gets old
     (funcall mode 0))
   #+END_SRC

   Let's apply the same technique for enabling modes that are disabled by
   default.

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
   (dolist (mode
            '(abbrev-mode                  ; E.g. sopl -> System.out.println
              column-number-mode           ; Show column number in mode line
              delete-selection-mode        ; Replace selected text
              dirtrack-mode                ; directory tracking in *shell*
              global-company-mode          ; Auto-completion everywhere
              global-diff-hl-mode          ; Highlight uncommitted changes
              global-so-long-mode          ; Mitigate performance for long lines
              counsel-projectile-mode      ; Manage and navigate projects
              recentf-mode                 ; Recently opened files
              show-paren-mode              ; Highlight matching parentheses
              which-key-mode))             ; Available keybindings in popup
     (funcall mode 1))
   #+END_SRC

** Visual

   Let's set things with [[https://github.com/rougier/nano-emacs][rougier's N Λ N O Emacs]].

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
   (setq nano-light-background "#fafafa")
   (load-theme 'nano-light t)
   (nano-modeline-mode 1)
   #+END_SRC

   It looks best if we add a small margin around the edges of the frame.

   #+begin_src emacs-lisp
   (add-to-list 'default-frame-alist '(internal-border-width . 24))
   #+end_src

   I want to be able to quickly switch between a light and a dark theme.

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
   (defun cycle-themes ()
     "Returns a function that lets you cycle your themes."
     (let ((themes '#1=(nano-light nano-dark . #1#)))
       (lambda ()
         (interactive)
         ;; Rotates the thme cycle and changes the current theme.
         (load-theme (car (setq themes (cdr themes))) t)
         (message (concat "Switched to " (symbol-name (car themes)))))))
   #+END_SRC

   Pick the first of the following fonts that is installed on the system.

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
   (cond ((member "Roboto Mono" (font-family-list))
          (set-face-attribute 'default nil :font "Roboto Mono-14"))
         ((member "Fira Code" (font-family-list))
          (set-face-attribute 'default nil :font "Fira Code-15"))
         ((member "Inconsolata" (font-family-list))
          (set-face-attribute 'default nil :font "Inconsolata-14")))
   #+END_SRC

   New in Emacs 24.4 is the =prettify-symbols-mode=! It's neat.

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
   (setq-default prettify-symbols-alist '(("lambda" . ?λ)
                                          ("delta" . ?Δ)
                                          ("gamma" . ?Γ)
                                          ("phi" . ?φ)
                                          ("psi" . ?ψ)))
   #+END_SRC

   [[https://github.com/rnkn/olivetti][Olivetti]] is a package that simply centers the text of a buffer. It is very
   simple and beautiful. The default width is just a bit short.

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
   (with-eval-after-load 'olivetti
     (setq-default olivetti-body-width 82)
     (remove-hook 'olivetti-mode-on-hook 'visual-line-mode))
   #+END_SRC

** Ivy

   [[http://oremacs.com/swiper/][Ivy]] is a completion system, giving you completions and fuzzy search whenever
   you interact with the minibuffer. I transitioned to Ivy from [[https://emacs-helm.github.io/helm/][Helm]], mainly
   due to it being aesthetically noisy, and that I didn't fully take advantage
   of all its features (which are numerous). Here are some customization's that
   made the transition a bit easier.

   #+begin_src emacs-lisp
   (setq ivy-wrap t                          ; Easier access to the last candidate
         ivy-height 25                       ; Give me more candidates to look at
         ivy-use-virtual-buffers t           ; C-x b displays recents and bookmarks
         ivy-count-format "(%d/%d) "         ; Display both the index and the count
         ivy-on-del-error-function 'ignore   ; Lets me hold in backspace
         ivy-posframe-min-width 100          ; Keep ivy reasonably narrow
         ivy-posframe-height ivy-height      ; Maintain the height given by ivy
         ivy-virtual-abbreviate 'abbreviate) ; Disambiguate same file in different dirs
   (ivy-mode 1)
   (ivy-posframe-mode 1)
   #+end_src

** PDF Tools

   [[https://github.com/politza/pdf-tools][PDF Tools]] makes a huge improvement on the built-in [[http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/manual/html_node/emacs/Document-View.html][doc-view-mode]]; the only
   drawback is the =pdf-tools-install= (which has to be executed before the
   package can be used) takes a couple of /seconds/ to execute. Instead of
   running it at init-time, we'll run it whenever a PDF is opened. Note that
   it's only slow on the first run!

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
   (pdf-loader-install)
   #+END_SRC

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
   (add-hook 'pdf-view-mode-hook
             (lambda () (setq header-line-format nil)))
   #+END_SRC

** Completion

   [[https://github.com/auto-complete/auto-complete][Auto-Complete]] has been a part of my config for years, but I want to try
   out [[http://company-mode.github.io/][company-mode]]. If I code in an environment with good completion, I've
   made an habit of trying to /guess/ function-names, and looking at the
   completions for the right one. So I want a pretty aggressive completion
   system, hence the no delay settings and short prefix length.

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
   (setq company-idle-delay 0
         company-echo-delay 0
         company-dabbrev-downcase nil
         company-minimum-prefix-length 2
         company-selection-wrap-around t
         company-transformers '(company-sort-by-occurrence
                                company-sort-by-backend-importance))
   #+END_SRC

** Spelling

   Flyspell offers on-the-fly spell checking. We can enable flyspell for all
   text-modes with this snippet.

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
   (add-hook 'text-mode-hook 'turn-on-flyspell)
   #+END_SRC

   To use flyspell for programming there is =flyspell-prog-mode=, that only
   enables spell checking for comments and strings. We can enable it for all
   programming modes using the =prog-mode-hook=.

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
   (add-hook 'prog-mode-hook 'flyspell-prog-mode)
   #+END_SRC

   Tell Emacs what program is used for spell checking.

   #+begin_src emacs-lisp
   (setq ispell-program-name "aspell")
   #+end_src

   When working with several languages, we should be able to cycle through
   the languages we most frequently use. Every buffer should have a separate
   cycle of languages, so that cycling in one buffer does not change the
   state in a different buffer (this problem occurs if you only have one
   global cycle). We can implement this by using a [[http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/manual/html_node/elisp/Closures.html][closure]].

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
   (defun cycle-languages ()
     "Changes the ispell dictionary to the first element in
   ISPELL-LANGUAGES, and returns an interactive function that cycles
   the languages in ISPELL-LANGUAGES when invoked."
     (let ((ispell-languages '#1=("american" "norsk" . #1#)))
       (ispell-change-dictionary (car ispell-languages))
       (lambda ()
         (interactive)
         ;; Rotates the languages cycle and changes the ispell dictionary.
         (ispell-change-dictionary
          (car (setq ispell-languages (cdr ispell-languages)))))))
   #+END_SRC

 =flyspell= signals an error if there is no spell-checking tool is
   installed. We can advice =turn-on-flyspell= and =flyspell-prog-mode= to
   only try to enable =flyspell= if a spell-checking tool is available. Also
   we want to enable cycling the languages by typing =C-c l=, so we bind the
   function returned from =cycle-languages=.

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
   (defadvice turn-on-flyspell (before check nil activate)
     "Turns on flyspell only if a spell-checking tool is installed."
     (when (executable-find ispell-program-name)
       (local-set-key (kbd "C-c l") (cycle-languages))))
   #+END_SRC

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
   (defadvice flyspell-prog-mode (before check nil activate)
     "Turns on flyspell only if a spell-checking tool is installed."
     (when (executable-find ispell-program-name)
       (local-set-key (kbd "C-c l") (cycle-languages))))
   #+END_SRC

** Org

   When editing org-files with source-blocks, we want the source blocks to
   be themed as they would in their native mode.

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
   (setq org-src-fontify-natively t
         org-src-tab-acts-natively t
         org-confirm-babel-evaluate nil
         org-edit-src-content-indentation 0)
   #+END_SRC

   This is quite an ugly fix for allowing code markup for expressions like
 ="this string"=, because the quotation marks causes problems.

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
   (with-eval-after-load 'org
     (require 'org-tempo)
     (setcar (nthcdr 2 org-emphasis-regexp-components) " \t\n,")
     (custom-set-variables `(org-emphasis-alist ',org-emphasis-alist)))
   #+END_SRC

   Enable org-bullets when opening org-files.

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
   (add-hook 'org-mode-hook (lambda () (org-bullets-mode 1)))
   #+END_SRC

** Email

   I've used Emacs for email in the past, where I've always had the need for a
   more standard email client in addition. I'm going to give it another go.

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
   (defvar load-mail-setup
     (and (file-exists-p "~/Maildir")
          (executable-find "mbsync")
          (executable-find "msmtp")
          (executable-find "mu")))
   #+END_SRC

   I use [[http://www.djcbsoftware.nl/code/mu/mu4e.html][mu4e]] (which is a part of [[http://www.djcbsoftware.nl/code/mu/][mu]]) along with [[https://isync.sourceforge.io/][mbsync]].

   #+begin_src emacs-lisp
   (when load-mail-setup
     (with-eval-after-load 'mu4e
       (setq
        user-full-name "Lars Tveito"            ; Your full name
        user-mail-address "larstvei@ifi.uio.no" ; And email-address


        sendmail-program (executable-find "msmtp")
        send-mail-function 'smtpmail-send-it
     
        message-sendmail-f-is-evil t
        message-sendmail-extra-arguments '("--read-envelope-from")
        message-send-mail-function 'message-send-mail-with-sendmail
        message-kill-buffer-on-exit t

        mu4e-get-mail-command (concat (executable-find "mbsync") " -a")
        mu4e-change-filenames-when-moving t
        mu4e-user-mail-address-list '("larstvei@ifi.uio.no")
        mu4e-maildir-shortcuts '(("/Inbox" . ?i) ("/Sent Items" . ?s))

        mu4e-sent-folder "/Sent Items"
        mu4e-trash-folder "/Deleted Items"
        mu4e-trash-folder "/Drafts"

        mu4e-use-fancy-chars t))
     (autoload 'mu4e "mu4e" nil t))
   #+end_src

** Interactive functions
   <<sec:defuns>>

 =just-one-space= removes all whitespace around a point - giving it a
   negative argument it removes newlines as well. We wrap a interactive
   function around it to be able to bind it to a key. In Emacs 24.4
 =cycle-spacing= was introduced, and it works like =just-one-space=, but
   when run in succession it cycles between one, zero and the original
   number of spaces.

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
   (defun cycle-spacing-delete-newlines ()
     "Removes whitespace before and after the point."
     (interactive)
     (if (version< emacs-version "24.4")
         (just-one-space -1)
       (cycle-spacing -1)))
   #+END_SRC

   Often I want to find other occurrences of a word I'm at, or more
   specifically the symbol (or tag) I'm at. The
 =isearch-forward-symbol-at-point= in Emacs 24.4 works well for this, but
   I don't want to be bothered with the =isearch= interface. Rather jump
   quickly between occurrences of a symbol, or if non is found, don't do
   anything.

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
   (defun jump-to-symbol-internal (&optional backwardp)
     "Jumps to the next symbol near the point if such a symbol
   exists. If BACKWARDP is non-nil it jumps backward."
     (let* ((point (point))
            (bounds (find-tag-default-bounds))
            (beg (car bounds)) (end (cdr bounds))
            (str (isearch-symbol-regexp (find-tag-default)))
            (search (if backwardp 'search-backward-regexp
                      'search-forward-regexp)))
       (goto-char (if backwardp beg end))
       (funcall search str nil t)
       (cond ((<= beg (point) end) (goto-char point))
             (backwardp (forward-char (- point beg)))
             (t  (backward-char (- end point))))))

   (defun jump-to-previous-like-this ()
     "Jumps to the previous occurrence of the symbol at point."
     (interactive)
     (jump-to-symbol-internal t))

   (defun jump-to-next-like-this ()
     "Jumps to the next occurrence of the symbol at point."
     (interactive)
     (jump-to-symbol-internal))
   #+END_SRC

   I sometimes regret killing the =*scratch*=-buffer, and have realized I
   never want to actually kill it. I just want to get it out of the way, and
   clean it up. The function below does just this for the
 =*scratch*=-buffer, and works like =kill-this-buffer= for any other
   buffer. It removes all buffer content and buries the buffer (this means
   making it the least likely candidate for =other-buffer=).

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
   (defun kill-this-buffer-unless-scratch ()
     "Works like `kill-this-buffer' unless the current buffer is the
   ,*scratch* buffer. In witch case the buffer content is deleted and
   the buffer is buried."
     (interactive)
     (if (not (string= (buffer-name) "*scratch*"))
         (kill-this-buffer)
       (delete-region (point-min) (point-max))
       (switch-to-buffer (other-buffer))
       (bury-buffer "*scratch*")))
   #+END_SRC

   To duplicate either selected text or a line we define this interactive
   function.

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
   (defun duplicate-thing (comment)
     "Duplicates the current line, or the region if active. If an argument is
   given, the duplicated region will be commented out."
     (interactive "P")
     (save-excursion
       (let ((start (if (region-active-p) (region-beginning) (line-beginning-position)))
             (end   (if (region-active-p) (region-end) (line-end-position)))
             (fill-column most-positive-fixnum))
         (goto-char end)
         (unless (region-active-p)
           (newline))
         (insert (buffer-substring start end))
         (when comment (comment-region start end)))))
   #+END_SRC

   To tidy up a buffer we define this function borrowed from [[https://github.com/simenheg][simenheg]].

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
   (defun tidy ()
     "Ident, untabify and unwhitespacify current buffer, or region if active."
     (interactive)
     (let ((beg (if (region-active-p) (region-beginning) (point-min)))
           (end (if (region-active-p) (region-end) (point-max))))
       (indent-region beg end)
       (whitespace-cleanup)
       (untabify beg (if (< end (point-max)) end (point-max)))))
   #+END_SRC

   Org mode does currently not support synctex (which enables you to jump from
   a point in your TeX-file to the corresponding point in the pdf), and it
   [[http://comments.gmane.org/gmane.emacs.orgmode/69454][seems like a tricky problem]].

   Calling this function from an org-buffer jumps to the corresponding section
   in the exported pdf (given that the pdf-file exists), using pdf-tools.

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
   (defun org-sync-pdf ()
     (interactive)
     (let ((headline (nth 4 (org-heading-components)))
           (pdf (concat (file-name-base (buffer-name)) ".pdf")))
       (when (file-exists-p pdf)
         (find-file-other-window pdf)
         (pdf-links-action-perform
          (cl-find headline (pdf-info-outline pdf)
                   :key (lambda (alist) (cdr (assoc 'title alist)))
                   :test 'string-equal)))))
   #+END_SRC

   The opposite of fill paragraph (from [[https://www.emacswiki.org/emacs/UnfillParagraph][EmacsWiki]]),

   #+begin_src emacs-lisp
   (defun unfill-paragraph ()
     (interactive)
     (let ((fill-column most-positive-fixnum))
       (fill-paragraph nil (region-active-p))))
   #+end_src

** Advice

   An advice can be given to a function to make it behave differently. This
   advice makes =eval-last-sexp= (bound to =C-x C-e=) replace the sexp with
   the value.

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
   (defadvice eval-last-sexp (around replace-sexp (arg) activate)
     "Replace sexp when called with a prefix argument."
     (if arg
         (let ((pos (point)))
           ad-do-it
           (goto-char pos)
           (backward-kill-sexp)
           (forward-sexp))
       ad-do-it))
   #+END_SRC

   When interactively changing the theme (using =M-x load-theme=), the
   current custom theme is not disabled. This often gives weird-looking
   results; we can advice =load-theme= to always disable themes currently
   enabled themes.

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
   (defadvice load-theme
       (before disable-before-load (theme &optional no-confirm no-enable) activate)
     (mapc 'disable-theme custom-enabled-themes))
   #+END_SRC

** global-scale-mode

   These functions provide something close to ~text-scale-mode~, but for every
   buffer, including the minibuffer and mode line.

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
   (let* ((default (face-attribute 'default :height))
          (size default))

     (defun global-scale-default ()
       (interactive)
       (global-scale-internal (setq size default)))

     (defun global-scale-up ()
       (interactive)
       (global-scale-internal (setq size (+ size 20))))

     (defun global-scale-down ()
       (interactive)
       (global-scale-internal (setq size (- size 20))))

     (defun global-scale-internal (arg)
       (set-face-attribute 'default (selected-frame) :height arg)
       (set-temporary-overlay-map
        (let ((map (make-sparse-keymap)))
          (define-key map (kbd "C-=") 'global-scale-up)
          (define-key map (kbd "C-+") 'global-scale-up)
          (define-key map (kbd "C--") 'global-scale-down)
          (define-key map (kbd "C-0") 'global-scale-default) map))))
   #+END_SRC

* Mode specific
** LSP

   LSP mode works really well, especially with languages like Java, which
   traditionally has had quite poor Emacs support.

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
   (with-eval-after-load 'lsp-mode
     (define-key lsp-mode-map (kbd "C-c f") lsp-command-map)
     (add-hook 'lsp-mode-hook #'lsp-enable-which-key-integration)
     (add-hook 'lsp-mode-hook #'yas-minor-mode)
     (add-hook 'lsp-mode-hook (lambda () (lsp-headerline-breadcrumb-mode 0)))
     (add-to-list 'lsp-file-watch-ignored-directories "[/\\\\]\\.hypothesis\\'"))
   #+END_SRC

** Compilation

   I often run ~latexmk -pdf -pvc~ in a compilation buffer, which recompiles
   the latex-file whenever it is changed. This often results in annoyingly
   large compilation buffers; the following snippet limits the buffer size in
   accordance with ~comint-buffer-maximum-size~, which defaults to 1024 lines.

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
   (add-hook 'compilation-filter-hook 'comint-truncate-buffer)
   #+END_SRC

** Shell

   Inspired by [[https://github.com/torenord/.emacs.d][torenord]], I maintain quick access to shell buffers with bindings
 ~M-1~ to ~M-9~. In addition, the ~M-z~ toggles between the last visited
   shell, and the last visited non-shell buffer. The following functions
   facilitate this, and are bound in the [[Key bindings]] section.

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
   (let ((last-vterm ""))
     (defun toggle-vterm ()
       (interactive)
       (cond ((string-match-p "^\\vterm<[1-9][0-9]*>$" (buffer-name))
              (goto-non-vterm-buffer))
             ((get-buffer last-vterm) (switch-to-buffer last-vterm))
             (t (vterm (setq last-vterm "vterm<1>")))))

     (defun switch-vterm (n)
       (let ((buffer-name (format "vterm<%d>" n)))
         (setq last-vterm buffer-name)
         (cond ((get-buffer buffer-name)
                (switch-to-buffer buffer-name))
               (t (vterm buffer-name)
                  (rename-buffer buffer-name)))))

     (defun goto-non-vterm-buffer ()
       (let* ((r "^\\vterm<[1-9][0-9]*>$")
              (vterm-buffer-p (lambda (b) (string-match-p r (buffer-name b))))
              (non-vterms (cl-remove-if vterm-buffer-p (buffer-list))))
         (when non-vterms
           (switch-to-buffer (car non-vterms))))))
   #+END_SRC

   Don't query whether or not the ~shell~-buffer should be killed, just kill
   it.

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
   (defadvice vterm (after kill-with-no-query nil activate)
     (set-process-query-on-exit-flag (get-buffer-process ad-return-value) nil))
   #+END_SRC

   I'd like the =C-l= to work more like the standard terminal (which works
   like running =clear=), and resolve this by simply removing the
   buffer-content. Mind that this is not how =clear= works, it simply adds a
   bunch of newlines, and puts the prompt at the top of the window, so it
   does not remove anything. In Emacs removing stuff is less of a worry,
   since we can always undo!

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
   (defun clear-comint ()
     "Runs `comint-truncate-buffer' with the
   `comint-buffer-maximum-size' set to zero."
     (interactive)
     (let ((comint-buffer-maximum-size 0))
       (comint-truncate-buffer)))
   #+END_SRC

** Lisp

   I use =Paredit= when editing lisp code, we enable this for all lisp-modes.

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
   (dolist (mode '(cider-repl-mode
                   clojure-mode
                   ielm-mode
                   racket-mode
                   racket-repl-mode
                   slime-repl-mode
                   lisp-mode
                   emacs-lisp-mode
                   lisp-interaction-mode
                   scheme-mode))
     ;; add paredit-mode to all mode-hooks
     (add-hook (intern (concat (symbol-name mode) "-hook")) 'paredit-mode))
   #+END_SRC

*** Emacs Lisp

    In =emacs-lisp-mode= we can enable =eldoc-mode= to display information
    about a function or a variable in the echo area.

    #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
    (add-hook 'emacs-lisp-mode-hook 'turn-on-eldoc-mode)
    (add-hook 'lisp-interaction-mode-hook 'turn-on-eldoc-mode)
    #+END_SRC

*** Common lisp

    I use [[http://www.common-lisp.net/project/slime/][Slime]] along with =lisp-mode= to edit Common Lisp code. Slime
    provides code evaluation and other great features, a must have for a
    Common Lisp developer. [[http://www.quicklisp.org/beta/][Quicklisp]] is a library manager for Common Lisp,
    and you can install Slime following the instructions from the site along
    with this snippet.

    #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
    (defun activate-slime-helper ()
      (when (file-exists-p "~/.quicklisp/slime-helper.el")
        (load (expand-file-name "~/.quicklisp/slime-helper.el"))
        (define-key slime-repl-mode-map (kbd "C-l")
          'slime-repl-clear-buffer))
      (remove-hook 'common-lisp-mode-hook #'activate-slime-helper))

    (add-hook 'common-lisp-mode-hook #'activate-slime-helper)
    #+END_SRC

    We can specify what Common Lisp program Slime should use (I use SBCL).

    #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
    (setq inferior-lisp-program "sbcl")
    #+END_SRC

    More sensible =loop= indentation, borrowed from [[https://github.com/simenheg][simenheg]].

    #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
    (setq lisp-loop-forms-indentation   6
          lisp-simple-loop-indentation  2
          lisp-loop-keyword-indentation 6)
    #+END_SRC

*** Clojure

    Indent neatly when using pattern matching in Clojure.

    #+begin_src emacs-lisp
    (with-eval-after-load 'clojure-mode
     (define-clojure-indent
       (match 1)))
    #+end_src

** Python

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
   (setq python-shell-interpreter "python3")
   (add-hook 'python-mode-hook
             (lambda () (setq forward-sexp-function nil)))
   #+END_SRC

** C

   The =c-mode-common-hook= is a general hook that work on all C-like
   languages (C, C++, Java, etc...). I like being able to quickly compile
   using =C-c C-c= (instead of =M-x compile=), a habit from =latex-mode=.

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
   (defun c-setup ()
     (local-set-key (kbd "C-c C-c") 'compile))

   (add-hook 'c-mode-hook 'c-setup)
   #+END_SRC

** Java

   Some statements in Java appear often, and become tedious to write
   out. We can use abbrevs to speed this up.

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
   (define-abbrev-table 'java-mode-abbrev-table
     '(("psv" "public static void main(String[] args) {" nil 0)
       ("sopl" "System.out.println" nil 0)
       ("sop" "System.out.printf" nil 0)))
   #+END_SRC

   To be able to use the abbrev table defined above, =abbrev-mode= must be
   activated.

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
   (add-hook 'java-mode-hook 'lsp)
   #+END_SRC

** Assembler

   When writing assembler code I use =#= for comments. By defining
 =comment-start= we can add comments using =M-;= like in other programming
   modes. Also in assembler should one be able to compile using =C-c C-c=.

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
   (defun asm-setup ()
     (setq comment-start "#")
     (local-set-key (kbd "C-c C-c") 'compile))

   (add-hook 'asm-mode-hook 'asm-setup)
   #+END_SRC

** LaTeX and org-mode LaTeX export

 =.tex=-files should be associated with =latex-mode= instead of
 =tex-mode=.

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
   (add-to-list 'auto-mode-alist '("\\.tex\\'" . latex-mode))
   #+END_SRC

   Use [[http://mg.readthedocs.io/latexmk.html][latexmk]] for compilation by default.

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
   (add-hook 'LaTeX-mode-hook
             (lambda ()
               (add-hook 'hack-local-variables-hook
                         (lambda ()
                          (setq-local compile-command
                                      (concat "latexmk -pdf -pvc "
                                              (if (eq TeX-master t)
                                                  (file-name-base (buffer-name))
                                                TeX-master))))
                         t t)))
   #+END_SRC

   Use ~biblatex~ for bibliography.

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
   (setq-default bibtex-dialect 'biblatex)
   #+END_SRC

   I like using the [[https://code.google.com/p/minted/][Minted]] package for source blocks in LaTeX. To make org
   use this we add the following snippet.

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
   (eval-after-load 'org
     '(add-to-list 'org-latex-packages-alist '("" "minted")))
   (setq org-latex-listings 'minted)
   #+END_SRC

   Because [[https://code.google.com/p/minted/][Minted]] uses [[http://pygments.org][Pygments]] (an external process), we must add the
 =-shell-escape= option to the =org-latex-pdf-process= commands. The
 =tex-compile-commands= variable controls the default compile command for
   Tex- and LaTeX-mode, we can add the flag with a rather dirty statement
   (if anyone finds a nicer way to do this, please let me know).

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
   (eval-after-load 'tex-mode
     '(setcar (cdr (cddaar tex-compile-commands)) " -shell-escape "))
   #+END_SRC

   When exporting from Org to LaTeX, use ~latexmk~ for compilation.

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
   (eval-after-load 'ox-latex
     '(setq org-latex-pdf-process
            '("latexmk -pdflatex='pdflatex -shell-escape -interaction nonstopmode' -pdf -f %f")))
   #+END_SRC

   For my thesis, I need to use our university's LaTeX class, this snippet
   makes that class available.

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
   (eval-after-load "ox-latex"
     '(progn
        (add-to-list 'org-latex-classes
                     '("ifimaster"
                       "\\documentclass{ifimaster}
   [DEFAULT-PACKAGES]
   [PACKAGES]
   [EXTRA]
   \\usepackage{babel,csquotes,ifimasterforside,url,varioref}"
                      ("\\chapter{%s}" . "\\chapter*{%s}")
                      ("\\section{%s}" . "\\section*{%s}")
                      ("\\subsection{%s}" . "\\subsection*{%s}")
                      ("\\subsubsection{%s}" . "\\subsubsection*{%s}")
                      ("\\paragraph{%s}" . "\\paragraph*{%s}")
                      ("\\subparagraph{%s}" . "\\subparagraph*{%s}")))
        (add-to-list 'org-latex-classes
                     '("easychair" "\\documentclass{easychair}"
                      ("\\section{%s}" . "\\section*{%s}")
                      ("\\subsection{%s}" . "\\subsection*{%s}")
                      ("\\subsubsection{%s}" . "\\subsubsection*{%s}")
                      ("\\paragraph{%s}" . "\\paragraph*{%s}")
                      ("\\subparagraph{%s}" . "\\subparagraph*{%s}")))
       (custom-set-variables '(org-export-allow-bind-keywords t))))
   #+END_SRC

   Use Emacs for opening the PDF file, when invoking ~C-c C-e l o~.

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
   (require 'org)
   (add-to-list 'org-file-apps '("\\.pdf\\'" . emacs))
   (setq org-adapt-indentation t)
   #+END_SRC

   #+begin_src emacs-lisp
   (setq org-babel-python-command "python3")
   (org-babel-do-load-languages
    'org-babel-load-languages
    '((emacs-lisp . t)
      (python . t)
      (clojure . t)))
   #+end_src

** Haskell

 =haskell-doc-mode= is similar to =eldoc=, it displays documentation in
   the echo area. Haskell has several indentation modes - I prefer using
 =haskell-indent=.

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
   (add-hook 'haskell-mode-hook 'interactive-haskell-mode)
   (add-hook 'haskell-mode-hook 'turn-on-haskell-doc-mode)
   (add-hook 'haskell-mode-hook 'turn-on-haskell-indent)
   #+END_SRC

   Due to a bug in haskell-mode I have to keep this monstrosity in my config...
   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
   (setq haskell-process-args-ghci
         '("-ferror-spans" "-fshow-loaded-modules"))

   (setq haskell-process-args-cabal-repl
         '("--ghc-options=-ferror-spans -fshow-loaded-modules"))

   (setq haskell-process-args-stack-ghci
         '("--ghci-options=-ferror-spans -fshow-loaded-modules"
           "--no-build" "--no-load"))

   (setq haskell-process-args-cabal-new-repl
         '("--ghc-options=-ferror-spans -fshow-loaded-modules"))
   #+END_SRC

** Maude

   Use =---= for comments in Maude.

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
   (add-hook 'maude-mode-hook
             (lambda ()
               (setq-local comment-start "---")))

   (with-eval-after-load 'maude-mode
    (add-to-list 'maude-command-options "-no-wrap"))
   #+END_SRC

** Minizinc

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
   (add-to-list 'auto-mode-alist '("\\.mzn\\'" . minizinc-mode))

   (defun minizinc-setup ()
     (let ((command (concat "minizinc " (buffer-file-name) " "))
           (f (concat (file-name-base (buffer-file-name)) ".dzn")))
       (local-set-key (kbd "C-c C-c") 'recompile)
       (setq-local compile-command (concat command (if (file-exists-p f) f "")))))

   (add-hook 'minizinc-mode-hook 'minizinc-setup)
   #+END_SRC

** Coq

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
   (add-hook 'coq-mode-hook #'company-coq-mode)
   #+END_SRC

** APL

   #+begin_src emacs-lisp
   (with-eval-after-load 'gnu-apl-mode
     (setq gnu-apl-key-prefix ?`)
     (gnu-apl--initialize-key-prefix 'gnu-apl-key-prefix ?`)
     (add-hook 'gnu-apl-mode-hook (lambda () (activate-input-method "APL-Z")))
     (add-hook 'gnu-apl-interactive-mode-hook (lambda () (activate-input-method "APL-Z"))))
   #+end_src

* Key bindings

  Inspired by [[http://stackoverflow.com/questions/683425/globally-override-key-binding-in-emacs][this StackOverflow post]] I keep a =custom-bindings-map= that
  holds all my custom bindings. This map can be activated by toggling a
  simple =minor-mode= that does nothing more than activating the map. This
  inhibits other =major-modes= to override these bindings. I keep this at
  the end of the init-file to make sure that all functions are actually
  defined.

  #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
  (defvar custom-bindings-map (make-keymap)
    "A keymap for custom bindings.")
  #+END_SRC

** Bindings for [[https://github.com/abo-abo/define-word][define-word]]

  #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
  (define-key custom-bindings-map (kbd "C-c D") 'define-word-at-point)
  #+END_SRC

** Bindings for [[https://github.com/magnars/expand-region.el][expand-region]]

  #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
  (define-key custom-bindings-map (kbd "C->")  'er/expand-region)
  (define-key custom-bindings-map (kbd "C-<")  'er/contract-region)
  #+END_SRC

** Bindings for [[https://github.com/magnars/multiple-cursors.el][multiple-cursors]]

  #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
  (define-key custom-bindings-map (kbd "C-c e")  'mc/edit-lines)
  (define-key custom-bindings-map (kbd "C-c a")  'mc/mark-all-like-this)
  (define-key custom-bindings-map (kbd "C-c n")  'mc/mark-next-like-this)
  #+END_SRC

** Bindings for [[https://magit.vc/][Magit]]

  #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
  (define-key custom-bindings-map (kbd "C-c m") 'magit-status)
  #+END_SRC

** Bindings for [[https://github.com/abo-abo/swiper][Counsel]]

   #+begin_src emacs-lisp
   (global-set-key (kbd "C-c i")     'swiper-isearch)
   (global-set-key (kbd "M-x")     'counsel-M-x)
   (global-set-key (kbd "C-x C-f") 'counsel-find-file)
   (global-set-key (kbd "M-y")     'counsel-yank-pop)
   (global-set-key (kbd "C-x b")   'ivy-switch-buffer)
   #+end_src

** Bindings for [[http://company-mode.github.io/][company-mode]]

  #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
  (define-key company-active-map (kbd "C-d") 'company-show-doc-buffer)
  (define-key company-active-map (kbd "C-n") 'company-select-next)
  (define-key company-active-map (kbd "C-p") 'company-select-previous)
  (define-key company-active-map (kbd "<tab>") 'company-complete)
  #+END_SRC

** Bindings for [[https://github.com/bbatsov/projectile][Projectile]]

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
   (define-key projectile-mode-map (kbd "C-c p") 'projectile-command-map)
   #+END_SRC

** Bindings for [[https://github.com/clojure-emacs/cider][Cider]]

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
   (with-eval-after-load 'cider
    (define-key cider-repl-mode-map (kbd "C-l") 'cider-repl-clear-buffer))
   #+END_SRC

** Bindings for [[https://github.com/rnkn/olivetti][Olivetti]]

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
   (define-key custom-bindings-map (kbd "C-c o") 'olivetti-mode)
   #+END_SRC

** Bindings for mu4e

   #+begin_src emacs-lisp
   (define-key custom-bindings-map (kbd "C-x m") 'mu4e)
   #+end_src

** Bindings for built-ins

  #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
  (define-key custom-bindings-map (kbd "M-u")         'upcase-dwim)
  (define-key custom-bindings-map (kbd "M-c")         'capitalize-dwim)
  (define-key custom-bindings-map (kbd "M-l")         'downcase-dwim)
  (define-key custom-bindings-map (kbd "M-]")         'other-frame)
  (define-key custom-bindings-map (kbd "C-j")         'newline-and-indent)
  (define-key custom-bindings-map (kbd "C-c s")       'ispell-word)
  (define-key comint-mode-map     (kbd "C-l")         'clear-comint)
  #+END_SRC

** Bindings for functions defined [[sec:defuns][above]].

  #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
  (define-key global-map          (kbd "M-p")     'jump-to-previous-like-this)
  (define-key global-map          (kbd "M-n")     'jump-to-next-like-this)
  (define-key custom-bindings-map (kbd "M-,")     'jump-to-previous-like-this)
  (define-key custom-bindings-map (kbd "M-.")     'jump-to-next-like-this)
  (define-key custom-bindings-map (kbd "C-c .")   (cycle-themes))
  (define-key custom-bindings-map (kbd "C-x k")   'kill-this-buffer-unless-scratch)
  (define-key custom-bindings-map (kbd "C-c C-0") 'global-scale-default)
  (define-key custom-bindings-map (kbd "C-c C-=") 'global-scale-up)
  (define-key custom-bindings-map (kbd "C-c C-+") 'global-scale-up)
  (define-key custom-bindings-map (kbd "C-c C--") 'global-scale-down)
  (define-key custom-bindings-map (kbd "C-c j")   'cycle-spacing-delete-newlines)
  (define-key custom-bindings-map (kbd "C-c d")   'duplicate-thing)
  (define-key custom-bindings-map (kbd "<C-tab>") 'tidy)
  (define-key custom-bindings-map (kbd "C-z")     'toggle-vterm)
  (dolist (n (number-sequence 1 9))
    (global-set-key (kbd (concat "M-" (int-to-string n)))
                    (lambda () (interactive) (switch-vterm n))))
  (define-key custom-bindings-map (kbd "C-c C-q")
    '(lambda ()
       (interactive)
       (focus-mode 1)
       (focus-read-only-mode 1)))
  (with-eval-after-load 'org
    (define-key org-mode-map (kbd "C-'") 'org-sync-pdf))
  #+END_SRC

  Lastly we need to activate the map by creating and activating the
 =minor-mode=.

  #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
  (define-minor-mode custom-bindings-mode
    "A mode that activates custom-bindings."
    t nil custom-bindings-map)
  #+END_SRC
* License

  My Emacs configurations written in Org mode.

  Copyright (c) 2013 - 2020 Lars Tveito

  This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
  the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
  (at your option) any later version.

  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
  GNU General Public License for more details.

  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.