#+LATEX_HEADER: \usepackage{parskip}
#+LATEX_HEADER: \usepackage{inconsolata}
#+TITLE: Emacs configuration file
#+AUTHOR: Lars Tveito

* About
  This is a Emacs configuration file written in =org-mode=. There are a few
  reasons why I wanted to do this. My =.emacs.d/= was a mess, and needed a
  proper clean-up. Also I like keeping all my configurations in a single
  file, using =org-mode= I can keep this file /organized/. I aim to briefly
  explain all my configurations.

* Configurations
** Meta

   Emacs can only load =.el=-files. We can use =C-c C-v t= to run
   =org-babel-tangle=, which extracts the code blocks from the current file
   into a source-specific file (in this case a =.el=-file).

   To avoid doing this each time a change is made we can add a function to
   the =after-save-hook= ensuring to always tangle and byte-compile the
   =org=-document after changes.

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes
     (defun init-hook ()
       "If the current buffer is 'init.org' the code-blocks are
     tangled, and the tangled file is compiled."
       (when (equal (buffer-file-name)
                    (concat user-emacs-directory "init.org"))
         (org-babel-tangle)
         (byte-compile-file (concat user-emacs-directory "init.el"))))
     
     (add-hook 'after-save-hook 'init-hook)
   #+END_SRC

** Package

   Managing extensions for Emacs is simplified using =package= which is
   built in to Emacs 24 and newer. To load downloaded packages we need to
   initialize =package=.

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes
     (package-initialize)
   #+END_SRC

   Packages can be fetched from different mirrors, [[http://melpa.milkbox.net/#/][melpa]] is the largest
   archive and is well maintained.

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes
     (add-to-list 'package-archives
                  '("MELPA" . "http://melpa.milkbox.net/packages/") t)
   #+END_SRC

   Some packages I find useful are installed if missing.

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes
     (let ((packages
            '(ac-geiser         ; Auto-complete backend for geiser
              ac-slime          ; An auto-complete source using slime completions
              ace-jump-mode     ; quick cursor location minor mode
              auto-compile      ; automatically compile Emacs Lisp libraries
              auto-complete     ; auto completion
              elscreen          ; window session manager
              expand-region     ; Increase selected region by semantic units
              flx-ido           ; flx integration for ido
              ido-vertical-mode ; Makes ido-mode display vertically.
              geiser            ; GNU Emacs and Scheme talk to each other
              haskell-mode      ; A Haskell editing mode
              jedi              ; Python auto-completion for Emacs
              magit             ; control Git from Emacs
              markdown-mode     ; Emacs Major mode for Markdown-formatted files.
              monokai-theme     ; A fruity color theme for Emacs.
              move-text         ; Move current line or region with M-up or M-down
              multiple-cursors  ; Multiple cursors for Emacs.
              org               ; Outline-based notes management and organizer
              paredit           ; minor mode for editing parentheses
              pretty-lambdada   ; the word `lambda' as the Greek letter.
              ;; slime          ; Superior Lisp Interaction Mode for Emacs
              smex              ; M-x interface with Ido-style fuzzy matching.
              )))
       ;; 'remove-if' is a part of the cl-library, so we require this feature.
       (require 'cl)
       ;; Filter out installed packages and install the remaining.
       (mapc 'package-install (remove-if 'package-installed-p packages)))
   #+END_SRC

** Require

   Some features are not loaded by default to minimize initialization time,
   so they have to be required (or loaded, if you will).

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes
     (dolist (feature
              '(auto-compile             ; auto-compile .el files
                auto-complete-config     ; a configuration for auto-complete-mode
                jedi                     ; auto-completion for python
                pretty-lambdada          ; show 'lambda' as the greek letter.
                ox-latex                 ; the latex-exporter (from org)
                recentf                  ; recently opened files
                tex-mode                 ; TeX, LaTeX, and SliTeX mode commands
                ))
       (require feature))
   #+END_SRC

** Sane defaults

   These are what /I/ consider to be saner defaults.

   We can set variables to whatever value we'd like using =setq=.

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes
     (setq initial-scratch-message nil     ; Clean scratch buffer.
           inhibit-startup-message t       ; No splash screen please.
           default-input-method "TeX"      ; Use TeX when toggeling input method.
           doc-view-continuous t           ; At page edge goto next/previous.
           echo-keystrokes 0.1             ; Show keystrokes asap.
           )
   #+END_SRC

   Some variables are buffer-local, so changing them using =setq= will only
   change them in a single buffer. Using =setq-default= we change the
   buffer-local variable's default value.

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes
     (setq-default fill-column 76                   ; Maximum line width.
                   indent-tabs-mode nil             ; Use spaces instead of tabs.
                   split-width-threshold 100        ; Split verticly by default.
                   auto-fill-function 'do-auto-fill ; Auto-fill-mode everywhere.
                   )
   #+END_SRC

   Answering /yes/ and /no/ to each question from Emacs can be tedious, a
   single /y/ or /n/ will suffice.

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes
     (fset 'yes-or-no-p 'y-or-n-p)
   #+END_SRC

   To avoid file system clutter we put all auto saved files in a single
   directory.

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes
     (defvar emacs-autosave-directory
       (concat user-emacs-directory "autosaves/")
       "This variable dictates where to put auto saves. It is set to a
       directory called autosaves located wherever your .emacs.d/ is
       located.")

     ;; Sets all files to be backed up and auto saved in a single directory.
     (setq backup-directory-alist
           `((".*" . ,emacs-autosave-directory))
           auto-save-file-name-transforms
           `((".*" ,emacs-autosave-directory t)))
   #+END_SRC

   Set =utf-8= as preferred coding system.

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes
     (set-language-environment "UTF-8")
   #+END_SRC

   By default the =narrow-to-region= command is disabled and issues a
   warning, because it might confuse new users. I find it useful sometimes,
   and don't want to be warned.

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes
     (put 'narrow-to-region 'disabled nil)
   #+END_SRC

   Call =auto-complete= default configuration, which enables =auto-complete=
   globally.

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes
     (ac-config-default)
   #+END_SRC

   Automaticly revert =doc-view=-buffers when the file changes on disk.

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes
     (add-hook 'doc-view-mode-hook 'auto-revert-mode)
   #+END_SRC

** Modes

   There are some modes that are enabled by default that I don't find
   particularly useful. We create a list of these modes, and disable all of
   these.

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes
     (dolist (mode
              '(tool-bar-mode                ; No toolbars, more room for text.
                scroll-bar-mode              ; No scroll bars either.
                blink-cursor-mode            ; The blinking cursor gets old.
                ))
       (funcall mode 0))
   #+END_SRC

   Let's apply the same technique for enabling modes that are disabled by
   default.

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes
     (dolist (mode
              '(abbrev-mode                ; E.g. sopl -> System.out.println.
                auto-compile-on-load-mode  ; Compile .el files on load ...
                auto-compile-on-save-mode  ; ... and save.
                column-number-mode         ; Show column number in mode line.
                delete-selection-mode      ; Replace selected text.
                recentf-mode               ; Recently opened files.
                show-paren-mode            ; Highlight matching parentheses.
                ))
       (funcall mode 1))
   #+END_SRC

   This makes =.md=-files open in =markdown-mode=.

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes
     (add-to-list 'auto-mode-alist '("\\.md\\'" . markdown-mode))
   #+END_SRC

** Visual

   Change the color-theme to =monokai= (downloaded using =package=).

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes
     (load-theme 'monokai t)
   #+END_SRC

   Use the [[http://www.levien.com/type/myfonts/inconsolata.html][Inconsolata]] font if it's installed on the system.

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes
     (when (member "Inconsolata" (font-family-list))
       (set-face-attribute 'default nil :font "Inconsolata-13"))
   #+END_SRC

** Ido

   Interactive do (or =ido-mode=) changes the way you switch buffers and
   open files/directories. Instead of writing complete file paths and buffer
   names you can write a part of it and select one from a list of
   possibilities. Using =ido-vertical-mode= changes the way possibilities
   are displayed, and =flx-ido-mode= enables fuzzy matching.

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes
     (dolist (mode
              '(ido-mode                   ; Interactivly do.
                ido-everywhere             ; Use Ido for all buffer/file reading.
                ido-vertical-mode          ; Makes ido-mode display vertically.
                flx-ido-mode               ; Toggle flx ido mode.
                ))
       (funcall mode 1))
   #+END_SRC

   We can set the order of file selections in =ido=. I prioritize source
   files along with =org=- and =tex=-files.

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes
     (setq ido-file-extensions-order
           '(".el" ".scm" ".lisp" ".java" ".c" ".h" ".org" ".tex"))
   #+END_SRC

   Sometimes when using =ido-switch-buffer= the =*Messages*= buffer get in
   the way, so we set it to be ignored (it can be accessed using =C-h e=, so
   there is really no need for it in the buffer list).

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes
     (add-to-list 'ido-ignore-buffers "*Messages*")
   #+END_SRC

   To make =M-x= behave more like =ido-mode= we can use the =smex=
   package. It needs to be initialized, and we can replace the binding to
   the standard =execute-extended-command= with =smex=.

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes
     (smex-initialize)
     (global-set-key (kbd "M-x") 'smex)
   #+END_SRC

** Mail
   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes
     (setq user-full-name         "Lars Tveito"
           user-mail-address      "larstvei@ifi.uio.no"
           smtpmail-smtp-server   "smtp.uio.no"
           smtpmail-smtp-service   587)
   #+END_SRC

** Calendar

   Define a function to display week numbers in =calender-mode=. The snippet
   is from [[http://www.emacswiki.org/emacs/CalendarWeekNumbers][EmacsWiki]].

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes
     (defun calendar-show-week (arg)
       "Displaying week number in calendar-mode."
       (interactive "P")
       (copy-face font-lock-constant-face 'calendar-iso-week-face)
       (set-face-attribute
        'calendar-iso-week-face nil :height 0.7)
       (setq calendar-intermonth-text
             (and arg
                  '(propertize
                    (format
                     "%2d"
                     (car (calendar-iso-from-absolute
                           (calendar-absolute-from-gregorian
                            (list month day year)))))
                    'font-lock-face 'calendar-iso-week-face))))
   #+END_SRC

   Evaluate the =toggle-calendar-show-week= function.

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes
     (calendar-show-week t)
   #+END_SRC

   Set Monday as the first day of the week, and set my location.

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes
     (setq calendar-week-start-day 1
           calendar-latitude 60.0
           calendar-longitude 10.7
           calendar-location-name "Oslo, Norway")
   #+END_SRC

** Flyspell

   Flyspell offers on-the-fly spell checking. We can enable flyspell for all
   text-modes with this snippet.

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes
     (add-hook 'text-mode-hook 'turn-on-flyspell)
   #+END_SRC

   To use flyspell for programming there is =flyspell-prog-mode=, that only
   enables spell checking for comments and strings. We can enable it for all
   programming modes using the =prog-mode-hook=. Flyspell interferes with
   auto-complete mode, but there is a workaround provided by auto complete.

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes
     (add-hook 'prog-mode-hook 'flyspell-prog-mode)
     (ac-flyspell-workaround)
   #+END_SRC

** Org

   I use =org-agenda= for appointments and such.

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes
     (setq org-agenda-start-on-weekday nil             ; Show agenda from today.
           org-agenda-files '("~/Dropbox/life.org")    ; A list of agenda files.
           org-agenda-default-appointment-duration 120 ; 2 hours appointments.
           )
   #+END_SRC

   When editing org-files with source-blocks, we want the source blocks to
   be themed as they would in their native mode.

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes
     (setq org-src-fontify-natively t)
   #+END_SRC

** Interactive functions
   <<sec:defuns>>
   
   To search recent files useing =ido-mode= we add this snippet from
   [[http://www.emacswiki.org/emacs/CalendarWeekNumbers][EmacsWiki]].

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes
     (defun recentf-ido-find-file ()
       "Find a recent file using Ido."
       (interactive)
       (let ((f (ido-completing-read "Choose recent file: " recentf-list nil t)))
         (when f
           (find-file f))))
   #+END_SRC

   =just-one-space= removes all whitespace around a point - giving it a
   negative argument it removes newlines as well. We wrap a interactive
   function around it to be able to bind it to a key.

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes
     (defun remove-whitespace-inbetween ()
       "Removes whitespace before and after the point."
       (interactive)
       (just-one-space -1))
   #+END_SRC

   This interactive function switches you to a =shell=, and if triggered in
   the shell it switches back to the previous buffer.

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes
     (defun switch-to-shell ()
       "Jumps to eshell or back."
       (interactive)
       (if (string= (buffer-name) "*shell*")
           (switch-to-prev-buffer)
         (shell)))
   #+END_SRC

   To duplicate either selected text or a line we define this interactive
   function.

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes
     (defun duplicate-thing ()
       "Ethier duplicates the line or the region"
       (interactive)
       (save-excursion
         (let ((start (if (region-active-p) (region-beginning) (point-at-bol)))
               (end   (if (region-active-p) (region-end) (point-at-eol))))
           (goto-char end)
           (unless (region-active-p)
             (newline))
           (insert (buffer-substring start end)))))
   #+END_SRC

   To tidy up a buffer we define this function borrowed from [[https://github.com/simenheg][simenheg]].

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes
     (defun tidy ()
       "Ident, untabify and unwhitespacify current buffer, or region if active."
       (interactive)
       (let ((beg (if (region-active-p) (region-beginning) (point-min)))
             (end (if (region-active-p) (region-end) (point-max))))
         (indent-region beg end)
         (whitespace-cleanup)
         (untabify beg (if (< end (point-max)) end (point-max)))))
   #+END_SRC

** Key bindings

   Bindings for [[https://github.com/magnars/expand-region.el][expand-region]].

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes
     (global-set-key (kbd "C-'")  'er/expand-region)
     (global-set-key (kbd "C-;")  'er/contract-region)
   #+END_SRC

   Bindings for [[https://github.com/magnars/multiple-cursors.el][multiple-cursors]].

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes
     (global-set-key (kbd "C-c e")  'mc/edit-lines)
     (global-set-key (kbd "C-c a")  'mc/mark-all-like-this)
     (global-set-key (kbd "C-c n")  'mc/mark-next-like-this)
   #+END_SRC

   Bindings for [[https://github.com/winterTTr/ace-jump-mode][ace-jump-mode]].

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes
     (global-set-key (kbd "C-c SPC") 'ace-jump-mode)
   #+END_SRC

   Bind some native Emacs functions.

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes
     (global-set-key (kbd "C-c t")    'org-agenda-list)
     (global-set-key (kbd "C-x k")    'kill-this-buffer)
     (global-set-key (kbd "C-x C-r")  'recentf-ido-find-file)
   #+END_SRC

   Bind the functions defined [[sec:defuns][above]].

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes     
     (global-set-key (kbd "C-c j")    'remove-whitespace-inbetween)
     (global-set-key (kbd "C-x t")    'switch-to-shell)
     (global-set-key (kbd "C-c d")    'duplicate-thing)
     (global-set-key (kbd "<C-tab>")  'tidy)
   #+END_SRC

   Bindings for =move-text=.
   
   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes     
     (global-set-key (kbd "<M-S-up>")    'move-text-up)
     (global-set-key (kbd "<M-S-down>")  'move-text-down)
   #+END_SRC

** Advice

   An advice can be given to a function to make it behave differently. This
   advice makes =eval-last-sexp= (bound to =C-x C-e=) replace the sexp with
   the value.
   
   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes
     (defadvice eval-last-sexp (around replace-sexp (arg) activate)
       "Replace sexp when called with a prefix argument."
       (if arg
           (let ((pos (point)))
             ad-do-it
             (goto-char pos)
             (backward-kill-sexp)
             (forward-sexp))
         ad-do-it))
   #+END_SRC

* Language mode specific
** Lisp

   =Pretty-lambda= provides a customizable variable
   =pretty-lambda-auto-modes= that is a list of common lisp modes. Here we
   can add some extra lisp-modes. We run the =pretty-lambda-for-modes=
   function to activate =pretty-lambda-mode= in lisp modes.

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes
     (dolist (mode '(slime-repl-mode inferior-lisp-mode inferior-scheme-mode))
       (add-to-list 'pretty-lambda-auto-modes mode))
     
     (pretty-lambda-for-modes)
   #+END_SRC

   I use =Paredit= when editing lisp code, we enable this for all lisp-modes
   in the =pretty-lambda-auto-modes= list.

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes
     (dolist (mode pretty-lambda-auto-modes)
       ;; add paredit-mode to all mode-hooks
       (add-hook (intern (concat (symbol-name mode) "-hook")) 'paredit-mode))
   #+END_SRC

*** Emacs Lisp

    In =emacs-lisp-mode= we can enable =eldoc-mode= to display information
    about a function or a variable in the echo area.

    #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes
      (add-hook 'emacs-lisp-mode-hook 'turn-on-eldoc-mode)
      (add-hook 'lisp-interaction-mode-hook 'turn-on-eldoc-mode)
    #+END_SRC

*** Common lisp

    I use [[http://www.common-lisp.net/project/slime/][Slime]] along with =lisp-mode= to edit Common Lisp code. Slime
    provides code evaluation and other great features, a must have for a
    Common Lisp developer. [[http://www.quicklisp.org/beta/][Quicklisp]] is a library manager for Common Lisp,
    and you can install Slime following the instructions from the site along
    with this snippet.

    #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes
      (when (file-exists-p "~/quicklisp/slime-helper.elc")
        (load (expand-file-name "~/quicklisp/slime-helper.elc")))
    #+END_SRC

    We can specify what Common Lisp program Slime should use (I use SBCL).

    #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes
      (setq inferior-lisp-program "sbcl")
    #+END_SRC

    To improve auto completion for Common Lisp editing we can use =ac-slime=
    which uses slime completions as a source.

    #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes
      (add-hook 'slime-mode-hook 'set-up-slime-ac)
      (add-hook 'slime-repl-mode-hook 'set-up-slime-ac)

      (eval-after-load "auto-complete"
        '(add-to-list 'ac-modes 'slime-repl-mode))
    #+END_SRC

*** Scheme
    
    [[http://www.nongnu.org/geiser/][Geiser]] provides features similar to Slime for Scheme editing. Everything
    works pretty much out of the box, the only thing we need to add is the
    auto completion.

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes
     (add-hook 'geiser-mode-hook 'ac-geiser-setup)
     (add-hook 'geiser-repl-mode-hook 'ac-geiser-setup)
     (eval-after-load "auto-complete"
       '(add-to-list 'ac-modes 'geiser-repl-mode))
   #+END_SRC

** Java and C

   The =c-mode-common-hook= is a general hook that work on all C-like
   languages (C, C++, Java, etc...). I like being able to quickly compile
   using =C-c C-c= (instead of =M-x compile=), a habit from =latex-mode=.

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes
     (defun c-setup ()
       (local-set-key (kbd "C-c C-c") 'compile))

     (add-hook 'c-mode-common-hook 'c-setup)
   #+END_SRC

   Some statements in Java appear often, and become tedious to write
   out. We can use abbrevs to speed this up.

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes
     (define-abbrev-table 'java-mode-abbrev-table
       '(("psv" "public static void main(String[] args) {" nil 0)
         ("sopl" "System.out.println" nil 0)
         ("sop" "System.out.printf" nil 0)))
   #+END_SRC

   To be able to use the abbrev table defined above, =abbrev-mode= must be
   activated. 

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes
     (defun java-setup ()
       (abbrev-mode t)
       (setq-local compile-command (concat "javac " (buffer-name))))
     
     (add-hook 'java-mode-hook 'java-setup)
   #+END_SRC

** Assembler

   When writing assembler code I use =#= for comments. By defining
   =comment-start= we can add comments using =M-;= like in other programming
   modes. Also in assembler should one be able to compile using =C-c C-c=.

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes
     (defun asm-setup ()
       (setq comment-start "#")
       (local-set-key (kbd "C-c C-c") 'compile))

     (add-hook 'asm-mode-hook 'asm-setup)
   #+END_SRC

** LaTeX

   =.tex=-files should be associated with =latex-mode= instead of
   =tex-mode=.
   
   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes
     (add-to-list 'auto-mode-alist '("\\.tex\\'" . latex-mode))
   #+END_SRC

   I like using the [[https://code.google.com/p/minted/][Minted]] package for source blocks in LaTeX. To make org
   use this we add the following snippet.

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes
     (add-to-list 'org-latex-packages-alist '("" "minted"))
     (setq org-latex-listings 'minted)
   #+END_SRC

   Because [[https://code.google.com/p/minted/][Minted]] uses [[http://pygments.org][Pygments]] (an external process), we must add the
   =-shell-escape= option to the =org-latex-pdf-process= commands.

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes     
     (setq org-latex-pdf-process
           (mapcar
            (lambda (str)
              (concat "pdflatex -shell-escape "
                      (substring str (string-match "-" str))))
            org-latex-pdf-process))
   #+END_SRC

** Python

   [[http://tkf.github.io/emacs-jedi/released/][Jedi]] offers very nice auto completion for =python-mode=. Mind that it is
   dependent on some python programs as well, so make sure you follow the
   instructions from the site.

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes
     (setq jedi:server-command
           (cons "python3" (cdr jedi:server-command))
           python-shell-interpreter "python3")
     (add-hook 'python-mode-hook 'jedi:setup)
     (setq jedi:complete-on-dot t)
     (add-hook 'python-mode-hook 'jedi:ac-setup)
   #+END_SRC

** Haskell

   =haskell-doc-mode= is similar to =eldoc=, it displays documentation in
   the echo area. Haskell has several indentation modes - I prefer using
   =haskell-indent=.

   #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes
     (add-hook 'haskell-mode-hook 'turn-on-haskell-doc-mode)
     (add-hook 'haskell-mode-hook 'turn-on-haskell-indent)
   #+END_SRC